Declaracion sus la Libertat Numerica

Lo PEN Internacional promòu la literatura e la libertat d'expression. Es guidat per la Carta del PEN e los principis qu'encarna – la liura transmission de la pensada dins cada nacion e entre totas las nacions.

Lo PEN reconeis las promessas dels mèdias numerics dins l'exercici del drech fondamental a la liura expression. Dins lo meteis temps, poètas, dramaturgs, assagistas, romancièrs, escrivans, bloggers e jornalistas patisson de violacions de lor drech per emplegar de mèdias numerics. Dins bon nombre de païses, de ciutadans se son recaçadas de sevèras restriccions dins l'accès o l'usatge de mèdias numerics, del temps que d'unes govèrns an esplechat  las tecnologias numericas  per suprimir la libertat d'expression e per susvelhar los individús. Lo sector privat e las companhiás tecnologicas en particular an tot còp facilitat la censura e la susvelhança  governamentalas. En consequéncia, lo PEN declara aiçò :

 1. Tota persona a lo drech de s'exprimir liurament per de mèdias numerics sens crenta de represalhas o de secutament.

a. Los individús qu'emplegan de mèdias numerics gaudisson d'una plena libertat d'expression jos la proteccion de leis e règlas internacionalas.

b. Los govèrns se devons de non secutar los individús ni tanpauc d'exercir de represalhas suls individús que transmeton informacions, opinions o idèas per de mèdias numerics.

c. Los govèrns devon activament aparar la libertat d'expression suls mèdias numerics en metent en òbra e en enfortissent de leis e de règlas eficaças.

2. Tota persona a lo drech de cercar e de recebre d'informacion per los mèdias numercis.

a. Los govèrns se devon de non censurar, non restrénher ni contrarotlar lo contengut dels mèdias numerics, que lo contengut provenga de sorsas nacionalas o internacionalas.

b. Dins de circonstàncias excepcionalas, tota limitacion del contengut dels mèdia numerics se deu endevenir amb las leis e règlas internacionalas que regisson los limits de la libertat d'expression, coma l'incitacion a la violéncia.

c. Los govèrns se devon de non blocar l'accès ni reduire l'usatge dels mèdias numerics, e mai pendent de periòdes d'agitacion o de crisi. Contrarotlar l'accès als mèdias numerics, especialament a granda escala, viòla pel quite fach lo drech a la libertat d'expression.

d. Los govèrns se devon d'encoratjar e de promòure lo plen accès als mèdias numerics per tota persona.

3. Tota persona a lo drech d'èsser liura de la susvelhança dels mèdias numerics pels govèrns.

a. La susvelhança, coneguda o non de sa cibla especificament visada, tanca lo discors en establissent la possibilitat de secutaments e la paur de represalhas. S'es coneguda, la susvelhança desvolopa un clima d'autocensura que geina puèi la liura expression.

b. En règla generala, los govèrns se devon de non cercar accès a las comunicacions numericas entre o demest los individús privats e se devon de non interceptar los usatges individual dels mèdias numerics, ni de seguir los movements dels individús a travèrs los mèdias numerics, ni de falsar l'expression dels individús, ni tanpauc de susvelhar los individús.

c. Quand de govèrns menan una susvelhança – dins de circonstàncias excepcionalas e en ligason amb un enfortiment legal e legitim de la securitat nacionala – tota susvelhança dels individús e intercepcion de las comunicacions per de mèdias numerics se deu endevenir amb las leis e règlas internacionalas degudament establlidas que s'aplican a las recèrcas legalas, per tal d'obténer la garentida d'una decision de justícia.

d. La plena libertat d'expression implica lo drech a la vida privada ; totas las leis e règlas internacionalas s'aplican als mèdias numerics ; e de leis e règlas novèlas de proteccion pòdon èsser necessàrias.

e. Lo recampatge e la retencion, pels govèrns, de donadas e d'autras informacions engendradas pels mèdias numerics, i comprés l'espleitacion de donadas, se deu endevenir amb las leis e règlas internacionals sus la vida privada, coma l'exigéncia que la retencion de donadas siá proporcionada e limitada dins lo temps e que faga l'objècte d'un assaber a las personadas pertocadas.

4. Lo sector privat, en particular las companhiás tecnologicas, son ligadas pel drech a la libertat d'expression e pels dreches umans.

a. Los principis establits dins aquesta declaracion s'aplican egalament al sector privat.

b. La companhiás devon respectar los dreches umans, i comprés lo drech a la libertat d'expression, e devon sosténer aqueles dreches, e mai quand las leis e règlas nacionalas los aparan pas.

c. Las companhiás tecnologicas an lo dever de determinar l'impacte suls dreches umans que lors produches, servicis e politicas pòdon aver dins los païses ont an l'intencion d'operar. Se de violacions son possiblas o pòdon èsser inextricablament ligadas a l'usatge de lors produches o servicis, las companhiás devon modificar o retirar lors projèctes propausats per tal de respectar los dreches umans.

d. Las companhiás tecnologicas devon incorporar los principis de la libertat d'expression al còr de lors operacions, de biais que lo produch se congrèe en inclusent una proteccion de la vida privada.

d. Se se tròba que lors operacions an violat lo drech a la libertat d'expression, las companhiás privadas deuràn porgir una restitucion  a los que lors dreches foguèron violats, e mai se los govèrns porgisson pas remèdis.

 

Adoptat pel Congrès Internacional del PEN

Gyeongju, Corèa del Sud

Setembre de 2012

 

Lo tèxt anglés originau: 

Declaration on Digital Freedom (English)

To download the PEN Declaration on Digital Freedom, click here.

Declaration on Digital Freedom

PEN International promotes literature and freedom of expression and is governed by the PEN Charter and the principles it embodies—unhampered transmission of thought within each nation and between all nations.

PEN recognizes the promise of digital media as a means of fulfilling the fundamental right of free expression. At the same time, poets, playwrights, essayists, novelists, writers, bloggers, and journalists are suffering violations of their right to freedom of expression for using digital media. Citizens in many countries have faced severe restrictions in their access to and use of digital media, while governments have exploited digital technologies to suppress freedom of expression and to surveil individuals. The private sector and technology companies in particular have at times facilitated government censorship and surveillance. PEN therefore declares the following:



1. All persons have the right to express themselves freely through digital media without fear of reprisal or persecution.

a. Individuals who use digital media enjoy full freedom of expression protections under international laws and standards.
b. Governments must not prosecute individuals or exact reprisals upon individuals who convey information, opinions, or ideas through digital media.
c. Governments must actively protect freedom of expression on digital media by enacting and enforcing effective laws and standards.



2. All persons have the right to seek and receive information through digital media.

a. Governments should not censor, restrict, or control the content of digital media, including content from domestic and international sources.
b. In exceptional circumstances, any limitations on the content of digital media must adhere to international laws and standards that govern the limits of freedom of expression, such as incitement to violence.
c. Governments should not block access to or restrict the use of digital media, even during periods of unrest or crisis. Controlling access to digital media, especially on a broad scale, inherently violates the right to freedom of expression.
d. Governments should foster and promote full access to digital media for all persons.



3. All persons have the right to be free from government surveillance of digital media.

a. Surveillance, whether or not known by the specific intended target, chills speech by establishing the potential for persecution and the fear of reprisals. When known, surveillance fosters a climate of self-censorship that further harms free expression.
b. As a general rule, governments should not seek to access digital communications between or among private individuals, nor should they monitor individual use of digital media, track the movements of individuals through digital media, alter the expression of individuals, or generally surveil individuals.
c. When governments do conduct surveillance—in exceptional circumstances and in connection with legitimate law enforcement or national security investigations—any surveillance of individuals and monitoring of communications via digital media must meet international due process laws and standards that apply to lawful searches, such as obtaining a warrant by a court order.
d. Full freedom of expression entails a right to privacy; all existing international laws and standards of privacy apply to digital media, and new laws and standards and protections may be required.
e. Government gathering and retention of data and other information generated by digital media, including data mining, should meet international laws and standards of privacy, such as requirements that the data retention be time-limited, proportionate, and provide effective notice to persons affected.



4. The private sector, and technology companies in particular, are bound by the right to freedom of expression and human rights.

a. The principles stated in this declaration equally apply to the private sector.
b. Companies must respect human rights, including the right to freedom of expression, and must uphold these rights even when national laws and regulations do not protect them.
c. Technology companies have a duty to determine how their products, services, and policies impact human rights in the countries in which they intend to operate. If violations are likely, or violations may be inextricably linked to the use of products or services, the companies should modify or withdraw their proposed plans in order to respect human rights.
d. Technology companies should incorporate freedom of expression principles into core operations, such as product designs with built-in privacy protections.
e. If their operations are found to have violated the right to freedom of expression, technology companies should provide restitution to those whose rights were violated, even when governments do not provide remedies.




Adopted by the PEN International Congress
Gyeongju, South Korea
September 2012